The Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML)



The cognitive theory of multimedia learning is a theory put forward by Prof. of Psychology Richard Mayer. The CTML is based on three main assumptions. The first is dual channel assumption which claims that the eyes and the ears are the most impactful channels from which knowledge is taken into brain. The principal of the CTML is mainly the integration of verbal and visual elements for learning. For instance, visual elements could be written words and graphics or pictures while the auditory channel is about verbal words. If the knowledge is taken by the cooperation of the ears and the eyes, then the processing of information, thus optimal learning happens. The second assumption is ‘’limited capacity assumption’’. This assumption states that any channel can have a limited capacity to take the knowledge at one particular time. So the teachers should avoid from overloading the channels with so much knowledge. The last is ‘’active processing assumption’’ stating that learners should relate the new information to their prior knowledge. While learning from different contexts, our brains process information in three types. One of them is extraneous processing meaning no learning with a waste of waste of cognitive capacity. Essential processing is the perceiving and organizing the information taken newly. The last is generative processing which stands for building new information on the prior and organizing them. According to the Mayer, the first type of processing should be reduced, the second should be managed and essential processing should be fostered by means of multimedia elements for optimal learning.

 


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